1) A box contains over 100 marbles. The marbles can be divided into equal shares among 6, 7, or 8 children with 1 marble left over each time. What is the least number of marbles that the box can contain?
2) A fisherman sold some big fish at $4 each and twice as many small fish at $1 each. He received a total of $72 for the big and small fish. How many big fish did he sell? 3) In the addition example below, different letters represent different digits. What digit does A represent? A A + A A C A B Solutions: 1) Use a simpler problem. Instead of one marble being left over each time, assume that no marbles were left over each time. Then the least number of marbles is the LCM(6, 7, 8) which is equal to 3 x 7 x 8 = 168. However, since one marble should be left over each time, the least number of marbles in the box is 168 + 1 = 169. 2) For each big fish sold for $4, two small fish were sold for $1 each. One big fish and two small fish were sold for a total of $6. Since the total received for big and little fish was $72, there were 72/6 = 12 sets of 1 big fish and 2 little fish sold. Therefore 12 big fish were sold. 3) Method 1: A has to be 5 or more. Otherwise the sum will not be a three-digit number. In the second column, A + A + 1 ends in A. Then A is odd, so A = 5, 7, or 9. The only value that checks is 9. Therefore A is 9. Method 2: Use expanded notation: AA = 10A + A = 11A. Then AA + AA = 22A. Therefore C must be 1 and CAB = 100 + 10A + B. Then 22A = 100 + 10A + B. If we subtract 10A from both sides of the equality, the result is 12A = 100 + B. Since 12A has to be greater than 100, A has to be 9.
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