1) If a kindergarten teacher places her children 4 on a bench, there will be 3 children who will not have a place. However, if 5 children are placed on each bench, there will be 2 empty spaces. What is the smallest number of children the class could have?
2) If the digits A, B, and C are added, the sum is the two-digit number AB as shown below. What is the value of C? A + C A B 3) When I open my mathematics book, there are two pages which face me and the product of the two page numbers is 1806. What are the two page numbers? Solutions: 1) Since the number of children is 3 more than a multiple of 4, that number could be 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, . . . Since the number of children is 2 less than a multiple of 5, the number could be 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 28, 43, . . . The numbers satisfying both conditions are 23, 43, 63, 83, and so forth. The smallest of these numbers is 23. Thus, there are 23 children in the class. 2) In the units column, notice that the sum of A, B, and C ends in B. Then A + C = 10. Since A is also the tens digit of the sum, A must be 1. Therefore C = 9. 3) If page numbers are in the 40s, then the product is greater than 1,600. If the page numbers are in the 50s, then the product is greater than 2,500. Clearly the page numbers must be in the 40s. Since the two page numbers are consecutive numbers, the units digits must be 2 and 3, or 7 and 8. Try 42 and 43. They work! (Page numbers 47 and 48 don't work).
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